Short version, pvp: Fury/rage punches up; javelin/precision punches down.
Keep a set of both plus faction with you and swap out according to targets, unless you’re using rapid lights and rapid heavies, then you use Fury against ships of your own size, faction to punch down one size, and javelin to punch down two sizes.
Eg a battleship with RHMLs will use Fury against battlecruisers and battleships, Faction against cruisers, and javelins against destroyers and frigates.