CCP doesn’t have a solution, their only advice is to clear the cache. Sometimes after a while it goes away on its own even without clearing the cache. For some reason, transitions between sectors, undock, etc., location changes access the cache, loading broken icons.
It’s completely random and doesn’t seem to care if you’ve deleted the cache, verified files, or reinstalled the game. All of which I’ve done. I’ve submitted a bug report with a screenshot.