I think the question is a little more complicated. if you are going with “race” as being defined as seperate cultures, then there are an absolute ■■■■-ton of them. 3 for each of the 4 playable factions, + all the pirate factions + splinter groups + jovians + precursors etc etc etc.
if we look at it from a more biological perspective much of the pre-eve gate lore isn’t available as IG knowledge afaik, at least so far as all current races being descended from the humans who came through the eve gate.
but it can at least be said that the 4 main empire factions at least are still genetically similar enough to all count as homo sapiens. now, where that dividing line can be drawn gets a little trickier. we know that the jove are also descended from humans (as are the takmahal and all the other precursor races) but with the jovians being REALLY keen on the whole genetic engineering thing, I think it could be argued quite convincingly that they stopped truly being human quite some time ago.
if the same holds true for the other precursor races, I don’t think we will ever really know for certain.
The sleepers are drifters are jovian offshoots, so i think they could be considered as cultural subsets of the “jovian race” as it where.
Rogue drones are artificial life-forms that have gained some limited form of sentience, if they should be considered a seperate race i guess depends on your stance on sentient AI.
Triglavians are new, and so we don’t really know where they fit into the whole story, I think the current theory is that they may be a jovian offshoot as well, but its possible that they come from one of the other precursor factions. its also possible that even if they are descended from jove that they have developed so radically differently in the intervening years that they may be considered “different enough” much like jove are “different enough” from base human to warrant their own category.
It does seem likely that they are, in some degree or another human descendants however, since up until now we haven’t had anything “actually” alien. and it would be odd for them to change that stance now.
Well except for the long-limbed roe, which I believe in one chronicle was stated to have at least some form of sentience, so we do have 1 alien race… we just use them as exotic pets and trade goods.
so at this point I’d be willing to say there are
Humans (and their assorted cultures)
Jovians (and their assorted cultures)
Precursors (maybe?)
Rogue drones (maybe? if you consider AI a race)
Triglavians (Maybe? we don’t know enough yet to say for certain)
Long-limbed Roe, and maybe feedoo’s.