Sorry for the long delay, and thanks to everyone who replied to the prior thread. I had given up on EVE Online and didn’t come back to try to fix it until just this week. The prior thread auto-closed after 3 months of inactivity.
I am posting again because I finally figured it out.
Aside from it being Windows 11 (which is indeed a factor here–no joke), I followed the advice to download the full game client (which dramatically reduced the number of disconnects but still wasn’t enough to stop them all), I finally figured out that it was the Intel AX211 drivers.
What happened was that I happened to be playing a video in the background that is hosted on my NAS across the LAN, and when EVE disconnected, it also cut out the video, meaning that the entire network connection was dropping and then reconnecting in an instant. That made me suspect either Windows 11 itself or the AX211 itself, and with a bit of searching for general (non-gaming) issues with Windows and the AX211, I found dozens of complaints about the AX211 disconnecting and quickly reconnecting under heavy traffic.
Heavy traffic would be exactly what was happening in the beginning, when the game client had not been fully downloaded and it was “Loading resources” at almost every step of the way, causing the network to drop within seconds of starting up the game.
Some people reported that downloading the latest genuine Intel drivers fixed their flaky AX211 connections. My driver was pretty recent–from around July 2024, but based on their successes, I upgraded it to 23.80.1.3 dated 9/4/2024, and voila, EVE Online now works. It still disconnects but very rarely, maybe once per 8 hours, but I can actually play through several tutorial missions in a row without a single disconnect.
I had been playing other online games fine with these faulty AX211 drivers because those games are more tolerant of network drop-outs, so it looked like it was only EVE Online having trouble.
Again, thanks to everyone for their help! I hope my success helps someone else.
NOTE: I also upgraded the Bluetooth drivers for the AX211 at the same time, though I do not think they were involved, only because the people who had success fixing their general (non-gaming) issues with the AX211 said that they also upgraded the Bluetooth drivers when upgrading the WiFi drivers. I copied them exactly. My Bluetooth drivers are genuine Intel and are now version 23.80.0.3.