Cells’ Response to SARS-CoV-2 Different from Flu, RSV
Now, a study in ACS Omega reports that pangolins lack some common digestive enzymes, which could explain why some diets don’t work well for them.
100,000 Pangolin’s are estimated to be trafficked a year to China and Vietnam. Perhaps China isn’t the epicenter. Perhaps a Pangolin that was brought from Vietnam is where the epicenter of the virus migrated from.
I’m thinking that one of the Pangolin species came into contact with a virus in a region where deforestation is taking place. Maybe the virus is a defense mechanism of a plant or tree that is released when the plant or tree is under great distress.
Researchers from the Experimental Station of Arid Zones (EEZA-CSIC) and the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO) have discovered that birds that feed on insects are attracted to trees infested with butterfly caterpillars (Lepidoptera), and the mechanism responsible for this behaviour.
“When faced with a caterpillar attack, a defence mechanism is activated in the plant which involves releasing volatile compounds that predatory birds use to find their prey,” Luisa Amo de Paz, lead author of the study and researcher at the EEZA-CSIC, tells SINC.
“This phenomenon had been studied in arthropod predators, but scarcely in insectivorous birds, even though they are one of the most important predators of insects,” she continues.
To discover this mechanism, scientists carried out various experiments with great tits (Parus major) . They allowed the birds to choose between a tree infested with Lepidoptera caterpillars and another uninfested tree. In the experiments they removed any chemical residues from the caterpillars in order to be able to conclude that the birds are attracted by chemical signals emitted by the tree, and not by any signal from the caterpillars.
Perhaps a tree or plant that the Pangolin frequents developed the ability to release a virus that attached itself to the Pangolin. The Pangolin is captured by humans and by chance and after many trillions of mistakes made during the evolution of the virus, the virus finally got it correct that resulted in the newest Coronavirus.
During the Vietnam War the U.S. used many forms of herbicides to kill the jungle that the VC and NVA and other Communist forces were using as cover.
Since there are a number of species of Pangolin that are taken from Vietnam that show up in the wet markets of China, wet markets such as the one in Wuhan, the possibility that the Pangolin is the reservoir., Pangolin would be more likely as a result of the percentage of comparing the feeding habits of the Pangolin to the Bat being more susceptible to ground infections.
Pangolins feed on ants both in and on top of the ground and on the inside of and on the bark of trees. There are many fungus and bacteria that they Pangolin encounters in its daily life of searching for its food, unlike the bat.
After the Vietnam War ended and the use of herbicides ceased, the use of the herbicides in Vietnam could have helped cause a mutation in fungus or mushrooms. Mutations that ants would have come into contact with as a result of collecting and storing insects that feed on the mutated fungus and mushrooms that could have carried the virus in the silica or the hairs on their body. Deep inside of the ants layer where the insects are stored and levels of humidity are maintained creates a very appealing environment for the virus to incubate or evolve in.
The Pangolin comes along and feeds on the ant nest. Some of the infected ants covered with the virus would crawl over the Pangolin. The ant defenders bump up against the hairs of the Pangolin causing the virus to be transferred to the Pangolin.
Humans hunting the Pangolin then find the Pangolin after it has recently fed and is covered with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and becomes infected. The virus then over the course of many tries fails to evolve to attach itself to a specific cell but eventually does to become SARS-CoV-2
The tactical herbicides used in Vietnam were intended to kill a broad spectrum of plants. Agent Orange and Agent White were used against broadleaf plants and woody shrubs and trees, including mangroves. Agent Blue was effective against grasses and grains, such as rice (Young, 2009).
There would be components in each of the chemicals that would were designed to attack and kill specific types of foliage. Just like the SARS-CoV-2 virus attaches itself to a specific cell in the human lungs but does not effect any other animal other than humans.
Because SARS has never seen on the Earth before 2002, SARS can only be the outcome of man made factors, such as herbicides used during the Vietnam War.
Additionally, even though 4% to 20% of 800,000 people is much less than the global population of 7.7 billion people, or, over 7 billion people, with a death rate of 0.77%, or, 7.7 persons per year out of each 1,000 persons, if those people get infected, it is almost 4 times to 23 times worst, the first time around.
If it does 2 or 3 times, or 10 times, than, those relation will be 2 to 3 times to 10 times of a greater magnitude scale.
4% of 10,000 cases is 400.
4% of 100,000 cases is 4,000.
4% of 200,000 cases is 8,000.
Since virus don’t live, they may come from space. They can also be brought up there.
It’s likely that a virus on a space debris reaching earth would disintegrate before reaching the surface of the earth, which is mostly covered by water, however flat or wavy flat or wavy circular flat it may be.
Like, other animals can carry the virus, since it is an animal and human type of virus, by the name in definition, but , it may not affect animal lungs as in humans.
I think that can be verified, or analysed to get more details on how accurate this applies.
As for the 2nd part, they can’t use those weapons unless there are violations from a party that would warrant it, due to treaties.
While if may the case, as to the viral cause, source, effect, and so on, there are likely other factors, such as those that would warrant such use.
How To Tell If We’re Beating COVID-19
4,879,254 views • Premiered Mar 27, 2020 minutephysics
4.97M subscribers
At around after 1:06
China and South Korea beat the exponential growth,
however, this exponential growth can raise again.
If the rate is fixed, meaning, one new case for every existing cases, it will not augment by any numbers, except in numbers of new cases equals to those cases which ends.
However, the epidemic is still present, until that the last case is cured.
All it takes to infect everyone with this, is one person to infect 1 other or 2 others, and that’s it.
The whole thing can restart.
It’s easier to solve the last case, or deal with fewer cases, than it is to try to overcome the overload of cases, which will happen, eventually, meaning, that the overload of cases will eventually be overcomed.
4 hr 34 min ago
At least 917 new US coronavirus deaths reported in single day
The US normal death rate being 8.5 in 2017 (per 1,000 people) at a population of 327.2 million (2018) , equal -490,80,000 people at 0.85%, per year, in that year.
Divided by 365 days equal
-134,465 people per day.
Divided by 917 case deaths, equal 146 times less.
However, 146 times more case deaths than before (or 917 rather).
1.006 times more death than normal, if added to it. 0.006,7% more.
That number is increasing so far, in percentage, and exponentially closer.
If the normal rate of death is added on top of those deaths, the numbers of deaths are a greater number than the normal rate, by those added cases of deaths.
I do have tightness in the chest.
COVID-19 is not a covert virus.
In fact, it’s the SARS-CoV-2 which is the virus, COVID-19 being the disease from that.
Coronavirus RNA was found on surfaces aboard the Diamond Princess cruise ship up to 17 days after passengers disembarked, lasting far longer on surfaces than previous research has shown, according to new data published Monday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The study examined the Japanese and U.S. government efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreaks on the Carnival-owned Diamond Princess ship in Japan and the Grand Princess ship in California. Passengers and crew on both ships were quarantined on board after previous guests, who didn’t have any symptoms while aboard each of the ships, tested positive for COVID-19 after landing ashore.
As usual, no information was provided on whether any individual virion particles were detected or whether any of the virus material that was found was “viable” (in the sense of infectious).
Other than adding to the sum of scientific knowledge, all this information does is support calls to sanitize your hands before putting them anywhere near your face. And to remove any gloves you may be using before touching your face as well.
People and hospitals / medical services need more tests.
The numbers of tested cases are only a fraction of the cases, and those may be tested twice, hopefully not on the same day.
At this rate , there would not even be enough tests for once to everyone in First World countries in the first year.
They currently test those working in health so as to provide services to those in critical conditions, and those in critical conditions (they also test the people in critical conditions).
When sick, those infected have enough time to go to the hospital emergency, if they have fever, or can’t breathe, or have liver or kidney problems.
What is liver or kidney problems and how can you know if you’re sick of that, I don’t know, but the hospital expect people to be able to find out and find someone to do grocery for them.
How to use ventilators for in case your lungs stop working?
And how do they work?
I don’t know and I don’t know, that much I know.
It is a good thing to explain and find out, and not monopolize the market or info.
Even if I did work for health and COVID-19, and did not get paid for it, while in courts as the government tried to forfeit my work, as some Chinese try to sell their health (services), I would have to sue them for the psychological warfare except I was before.
These ventilators may save your life, but if you don’t have the test and use them, someone who may have been able to use them may die, thanks to lack o confirmation.
Biographer: The logistics of D-Day invasion is mind-blowing
12,635 views • Jun 5, 2019 Fox News
4.67M subscribers
So, even if you have the COVID-19, Corona Virus, and go to the hospital, to get an assessment, they don’t have enough tests yet, to test everyone.
That means that, even if you are in a critical conditions, that, the medical staff need those tests for themselves, and they have to decide who dies.
So, in my case, being in courts against them, due to psychological warfare they are liable of, that i need to find medical service from another country, and that I have to prove why and how they refuse me medical service.
Well, that is not hard to prove.
What Happens When You Shoot An Asteroid With An ‘Anti-Tank Weapon’
69,113 views • Apr 2, 2020 Scott Manley
1.03M subscribers
I was reading how your fingerprints can be used to determine if you have certain cancers or not.
If people are asymptomatic then possibly their fingerprints will show a pattern of being asymptomatic to the SARS- CoV-2 virus more so than another person might be.
If patterns can be found in the fingerprints of people who are asymptomatic carriers of the virus, then those patterns can be entered into a data base.
People who are determined to be potential asymptomatic carriers would then be alerted and put on notice to be issued N95 masks and gloves that they must wear at all times when in the public.
Indexing those who are asymptomatic via their fingerprints will help defeat the current pandemic and set the stage to deal with the second pandemic that might happen in the fall according to Dr. Fauci.
If people are asymptomatic now and have fingerprint traits showing them to be asymptomatic they would also be asymptomatic in the future as well.
If your fingerprints can be used to identify individual, and they have the medical record of the individual, then, yes, they can be used for that.
However, you need a medical background good enough to interpret the medical data, something which, an intelligence person may do, and medical personnel.
Just because medical staff have to be bondable doesn’t mean that there is no abuse against anyone, which interferes against their right to work and so on (such as intellectual property for such work, interpretation of medical records, and so on).
Gloves are good to prevent contracting the disease and virus from spreading by contacting something which someone else has touched.
You may have an asymptomatic, or, mild symptoms, and not have it, which symptoms conditions are due to psychological conditions, but , you need protection in public, because others can also spread it to someone who doesn’t have it, and so are those who have it, and are in the first 5 days period, even with no fingerprints, which fingerprints would make no difference, even if they forged them, or hacked the electronic version, because there is no symptoms in the first 5 days.
You can’t know if you were in contact with someone who had no symptoms, or, was asymptomatic, because there is no test before 5 days, and there is no symptoms before then.
That means that, everyone needs to take precaution, to both avoid to give it to others, and to prevent others to make it contract it to them (to get it from others).
Also, if you have it, and forget your mask, and don’t touch anything with your fingers, and don’t caugh onto any sufaces, or, towards others, so as to hit them, like if you tried to shoot them as with a weapon, by accident, as if you didn’t know, and meant to excuse yourself, you may not infect anyone, although mask and gloves are better.
You can also get more equipment but, you need to care for your equipment as well, because , gloves can get contaminated, and need bio-hazard disposal, as for masks, ventilators, goggles (goggles are pretty good), as for air filter cartridges.
It will show when the rate goes down and becomes more manageable.
That will have to happen for the pandemic to stop, and , slow down, at first.
Then, after the pandemic, there will be further stages to deal with more localized epidemics.
State/territory
Confirmed cases
Deaths
New York
92,381
2,373
New Jersey
25,590
537
Canada was good, but not after today.
Statistics
Location
Confirmed
Cases per 1M people
Recovered
Deaths
Worldwide
1,014,673
144
210,335
52,983
Canada
11,268
326.11
1,971
138
United States
244,646
747.96
10,403
6,059
Italy
115,242
1,824.45
18,278
13,915
Spain
112,065
2,261.64
26,743
10,348
Germany
84,789
1,032.29
13,597
1,109
China
81,589
59.41
76,408
3,318
France
58,441
864.94
10,935
5,380
Switzerland
18,823
2,774.21
4,846
541
—
—
—
—
—
Luxembourg
2,487
3,106.48
80
30
—
—
—
—
—
Iceland
1,220
3,609.58
236
2
Andorra
428
5,618.49
14
15
—
—
—
—
—
For instance,
Luxembourg has 2,487 confirmed cases, but 3,106.48 cases per 1 million people.
So, that is 619.48 cases unaccounted for, or, accounted for, but in error.
Iceland 1,220 confirmed cases, however, 3,609.58 per million.
Andorra has only 428 cases confirmed, but 5,618 cases per 1M people.
According to Google or not, but they show that.
I personally don’t agree with Google , nor the data, nor the interpretation of the statistic, and so on.
San Marino
245
7,347.65
21
30
Afghanistan
237
7.06
5
4
San Marino with 245 confirmed , but 7,347 per 1M people or person kind of people.
I’m not saying the data is Chinese translation of people instead of person from China, but they are saying it.
There’s nothing wrong with it, smaller countries just need the big numbers for insurance .
Faroe Islands
177
3,493.19
81
0
Faroe Islands, 177 confirmed, but 3,493 Cases per 1M people, as if some farce for a new loan, which loan I am asked to pay, while they put fraudulent money in their pockets.
If I didn’t know how to count, I think I would take a sociology course to prove how much I can’t count, instead of using a computer to make computers to count by counting.
Gibraltar
88
4,197.07
42
0
Gibraltar, 88 confirmed , 4,197 per 1M million people.
At least the good news is that it cannot make you sick, because you are already sick.
It’s like saying, we won’t seize his assets and intellectual property by forfeiture, because he was already sick enough to not have those rights to begin with.
Searching :
" when did covid-19 start in us? "
Summary
• A pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019.
• WHO is working 24/7 to analyse data, provide advice, coordinate with partners, help countries prepare, increase supplies and manage expert networks.
• The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020.
Ref. RPQ/REG/ISF/Alert N°3.2020 31 March 2020
Medical Product Alert N°3/2020
Falsified medical products, including in vitro diagnostics, that
claim to prevent, detect, treat or cure COVID-19
Timeline: How coronavirus got started
The outbreak spanning the globe began in December, in Wuhan, China.
By Erin Schumaker
25 March 2020, 14:24
13 min read Dec. 31, 2019: WHO says mysterious pneumonia sickening dozens in China Jan. 11, 2020: China reports 1st novel coronavirus death Jan. 21, 2020: 1st confirmed case in the United States Jan. 23, 2020: China imposes strict lockdown in Wuhan Jan. 30, 2020: WHO declares global health emergency Feb. 5, 2020: Diamond Princess cruise ship quarantined Feb. 11, 2020: Novel coronavirus renamed COVID-19 Feb. 26, 2020: 1st case of suspected local transmission in United States Feb. 29, 2020: 1st death reported in United States March 3, 2020: CDC lifts restrictions for virus testing March 13, 2020: Trump declares national emergency March 15, 2020: CDC warns against large gatherings March 17, 2020: Coronavirus now present in all 50 states March 17, 2020: Northern Californians ordered to ‘shelter in place’
Six countries in the San Francisco area ordered to “shelter in place” for three weeks, meaning residents are required to remain at home unless they are leaving the house for an essential reason, or are exercising outdoors.
Right, Six Counties, not Six Countries. March 18, 2020: China reports no new local infections March 19, 2020: Italy’s death toll surpasses China’s March 20, 2020: New York City declared US outbreak epicenter March 24, 2020: Japan postpones Olympics March 24, 2020: India announces 21-day complete lockdown
In conclusion, the outcome of D-Day and the eventual victory of the Allies against Germany demonstrates that modern war is won by those with unlimited resources and excellent logistical support. Strategy and tactics are secondary to logistics since generals cannot order their soldiers to mount a credible offense or defense without ammunition, …
Either way, without the diligence of the logisticians and the efficiency of the Allied supply system, it is possible that the Allies would have failed to claim any German territory and the Soviet Union would have claimed the whole of Germany. This was a frightening possibility, and this certainly would make for an excellent follow-up of this brief study of D-Day from the perspective of logistics.
How The Allies Fooled The Germans
3 months ago - 15 minutes
In the second episode of the Logistics of D-Day we explore the deception tactics of WW2 that ensured Normandy would not be a hive of German soldiers waiting for an invasion.
Navy fires captain of aircraft carrier over leak of letter to leadership
24 minutes ago
Navy fires captain of aircraft carrier over leak of letter to leadership
Capt. Brett Crozier had asked that most of the crew be taken off the ship.
By Luis Martinez
2 April 2020, 22:31
8 min read
…
Thomas Modly, the acting secretary of the Navy, said Thursday at a hastily called Pentagon briefing that Capt. Brett Crozier was being relieved for a loss of confidence and poor judgment.
“I lost confidence in his ability to lead that warship as it continues to fight through this virus, get the crew healthy, so that it can continue to meet its national security requirements,” said Modly.
Lockdown, shelter in place, quarantine, stay at home: What they mean and where you can go
@ 05:01 ,
if you point a gun at the
police and get shot
you’re not the victim of
anything but your own
stupidity.
Or you better have a good reason,
including why you shouldn’t be dead instead.
If the rate of new infections stays the same at 3,269 new infections each day without those who have recovered becoming carriers and infecting new people the curve will actually slowly flatten itself out by J1921.
That is if for the next 273 days the total number of newly infected in the U.S. does not go above 3,269 new cases each day.
Right, those who recover are carrier for round 2 and so on, until it changes to something else, as this one did from another one before.
So, that means that people will have to be more careful, and perhaps learn to use gloves to prevent damage to themselves and to others, as for masks, or , air filters, or goggles, to prevent contact with the eyes, or, spreading from the eyes.
Also important is to, not make it better than it is, so paranoid people don’t die from it, if they are already paranoid schizophrenic.
Additionally important, is not to make it seem more negative than it is, so that opportunities to heal are lost, and people die from it, whether depressing, caused by stress from depressing facts, or, and so on.
In either cases, both cases, too positive, and too negative, each are some obstruction of justice, because it interferes against the true science of the health work, and, misrepresent facts, with psychological warfare.
It was already the same thing back in before April 13, 1983, about the obstruction of justice, because the mentality of the medical systems and administration was already working like this with intelligence and with the public authorities for police and military and so on.
And yes, there was already terrorism since the 1950s, before then.
New COVID-19 test kits used to screen swab samples collected at Singapore checkpoints
I will verify that, and those rates.
It’s true that percent and numbers are not the same, although they may be related.
COVID 19 Rapid Test Kits for Healthcare Professionals Coronavirus Testing
29,608 views • Mar 25, 2020 Wilburn Medical USA
249 subscribers
FDA Emergency Use Authorization Pending
Features & Benefits
• Fast results as soon as 2-10 minutes
• Facilitates patient treatment decisions quickly
• Simple, time-saving procedure
• Little specimens, only 5 μL of serum/plasma or 10 μL of whole blood specimens
• All necessary reagents provided & no equipment needed
• High sensitivity and specificity
It’s like a pointer to a variable, or a pointer to a number.
There are also pointers to pointers.
Coronavirus: US lab unveils portable 5-minute Covid-19 test | DW News
188,764 views • Mar 29, 2020 DW News
1.26M subscribers
Prototype for new ventilator to treat COVID-19 patients
Hillary Clinton , @HillaryClinton
· 15h
Millions of people have lost their employer-tied health care over the last two weeks because of the pandemic. It’s an easy call: Re-open the health care exchanges.
Trump unveils five-minute COVID-19 test
334,995 views • Mar 30, 2020 ABC News
8.26M subscribers
S. Korean COVID-19 test kits soon to be exported to U.S.
10,066 views • Mar 31, 2020
10K views - 2 days ago ARIRANG NEWS
ARIRANG NEWS
297K subscribers
Emirates SkyCargo flies 500,000 Covid-19 testing kits from China to Brazil
17,305 views • Apr 1, 2020
17K views - 1 day ago Emirates
589K subscribers
Oh yes, so, they had the antidote all the time,
just as the anthrax antidote, which they also had all the time,
because, if the Pentagon had the anthrax antidote,
and, because that, if they spied on the US or the Pentagon, or both,
they should be able to compete with them to help them increase their immune system,
by surprise.
Maybe not.
Not because small samples would have damaged the Pentagon, but, damage the whole East Coast, from North to South , included.
From a Youtube search :
“what is required to make secured covid-19 test kit ?”
and,
after,
“what is required to make a covid-19 test kit ?”
Coronavirus: Aussie scientists begin testing COVID-19 vaccines | Nine News Australia
227,036 views • Apr 1, 2020
hashtags or other coded tags omitted intentionally. Nine News Australia
354K subscribers
There is more data on the Ventilators, which , critical cases needs to survive,
however, the info on how to make the tests , and which chemicals are required is harder to find so far.
I am still actually trying to find more facts on those data and I might actually manage to find it, however, it will have been harder for me.
Needless to say, the tests don’t and can’t save lives, and are not intended to be, and , unfortunately, some dead have to be tested, because, the medical system has to find who dies of it, and so on.
There are natural deaths still occurring, and , those won’t solve the viral problem, and, the problem still has to be in more control.
Searching on Youtube seems to be more problematic than other searching source,
probably due to some entertainment reasons, or what not…
Searching for :
“what chemicals are required to make covid-19 tests?”
on Youtube,
returned just about the same thing.
How Coronavirus Test Kits Work | WSJ
1,010,333 views • Feb 26, 2020 Wall Street Journal
Wall Street Journal
2.08M subscribers
COVID-19 Testing Where And When It’s Needed Most
18,124 views • Mar 27, 2020 Abbott
18.1K subscribers
COVID-19 Diagnostics: Performing a Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swab
Coronavirus: How We May Be Able to Test at Home for COVID-19 | This Morning
133,214 views • Mar 26, 2020 This Morning
1.7M subscribers
British company ramps up production for COVID-19 test kits
1,476 views • Mar 17, 2020 africanews
195K subscribers
It seems they keep it as some part of trade secret, I keep on searching, and updating my studying methods and systems.
No Closed Caption on the above video.
However, they mention an agent which binds to the COVID-19, to detect it.
Novacyt
2.8 million dollars in orders?
Why not 80 billion?
Who wants to pay another 2.2 trillion in employee wages loss next year?
Why not just turn all the money into garbage junk virus, and keep that 2.8m to be worth the rest and replace the virus.?
Boris Johnson releases message after testing positive for COVID-19
372,099 views • Mar 27, 2020 Sky News
2.16M subscribers
How soap kills the coronavirus
8,251,191 views • Mar 18, 2020 Vox
Vox
7.89M subscribers
expert comments about reagents needed for COVID-19 swab PCR testing
Comments sent out on Thursday 2nd April 2020
Prof Robin May, Professor of Infectious Disease and Director of the Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, said:
“SARS-COV-2 is an RNA virus, which means that its genome is based not on DNA, but on RNA (a closely-related molecule). Detecting the virus relies on specifically detecting a ‘sequence’ of RNA that is unique to this virus, converting it into DNA and then amplifying that DNA (essentially, making copies of it) via a process called PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The conversion of RNA to DNA requires one enzyme (reverse transcriptase) and then amplifying the DNA requires another (polymerase). Both of these enzymes are biological molecules that have to be produced (typically in bacteria), then purified, usually only in small scale. Normally, demand for these enzymes is very steady and relatively low, so scaling up to the massive quantities that are required for COVID19 testing takes time. In addition, it is critical to ensure ‘quality control’ of the extraordinarily large number of kits that must be produced, to minimise the risk of false positive/negatives. Tackling all of these rate-limiting steps together to eliminate all of the bottlenecks is the primary reason why testing has been relatively slow to roll-out so far.”
The data about the chemicals required to make the kit is not listed.
It is inferred as to what is needed to deal with how the virus chemical systems work, however, the trade secrets are not listed.
So, they use the secret to keep it away from those in needs.
Comments sent out on Wednesday 1st April 2020
Prof Stephen Baker, Professor of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, said:
“There are multiple issues with setting up new diagnostic testing capacity outside of regular diagnostic laboratories. This is not an overnight solution. Research laboratories have different approaches, equipment and staff. There are multiple steps to ensure that the methods used and results that are a correctly validated, as there is nothing more dangerous at the moment than reporting incorrect negative or positive results to staff or patients. That being said we can adapt and validate assays and make them work using our equipment that can then be rolled out to support the NHS.
“Another issue is reagents. There is a massive demand for raw materials and commercial kits, this is not unique to the UK, and many places no longer have stock of essential reagents. Different companies provide kits that are compatible with their machines and clearly there is a demand for extraction kits to produce nucleic acid from samples.
“Additionally, given the nature of COVID-19 the samples need to be prepared in a suitable laboratory to reduce the risk of contamination or exposure to staff. Such facilities may be limited in places, which also may impact on capacity. Currently, we are trying to create the capacity to assist with diagnostic testing and hopefully we should have the equipment and reagents to continue with this in the coming weeks. However, for this to be continued and capacity increased we need a sustained supply of reagents for the whole process from swabbing through to virus detection, some guarantee from biotechnology companies that they can provide this would aid in our ability to predict how much screening can be done and for how long.”
Plus,
Dr Al Edwards, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, said:
What are these chemicals or reagents?
“There are a lot of ingredients that go into a RT-PCR virus test from a swab. Any of these might be hard to get hold of in the current rush. The world is seeing more of these virus tests conducted than ever before.
“This shortage could be the enzymes – called polymerase – that detect the virus. But they could also be simply the swabs or containers for collecting samples.
Searching Google Search for :
“essential reagents for covid-19 test kit”
returned:
Detection of antibodies (serology) can be used both for clinical purposes and population surveillance. Antibody tests allow us to find out how many people have had the disease, including those whose symptoms were so minor that they were shrugged off.
In this way we can find the true mortality rate of the disease as well as how much herd immunity has been built up in society.
Due to limited testing, as of March 2020 no countries had reliable data on the prevalence of the virus in their population.[1] This variability also affects reported case-fatality rates.
A thermocycler or thermal cycler, also known as a PCR machine
One of the early PCR tests was developed at Charité in Berlin in January 2020 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), and formed the basis of 250,000 kits for distribution by the World Health Organization (WHO).[6] The United Kingdom had also developed a test by 23 January 2020.[7]
As of 6 March 2020, WHO listed the development laboratories and protocols for detection of virus[ clarification needed ][2]
In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is distributing its 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel to public health labs through the International Reagent Resource.[12] One of three genetic tests in older versions of the test kits caused inconclusive results due to faulty reagents, and a bottleneck of testing at the CDC in Atlanta; this resulted in an average of fewer than 100 samples a day being successfully processed throughout the whole of February 2020. Tests using two components were not determined to be reliable until 28 February 2020, and it was not until then that state and local laboratories were permitted to begin testing.[13] The test was approved by the Food and Drug Administration under an Emergency Use Authorization.[ citation needed ]
US commercial labs began testing in early March 2020. As of 5 March 2020 LabCorp announced nationwide availability of COVID-19 testing based on RT-PCR.[14]Quest Diagnostics similarly made nationwide COVID-19 testing available as of 9 March 2020.[15] No quantity limitations were announced; specimen collection and processing must be performed according to CDC requirements.
On 12 March 2020, Mayo Clinic was reported to have developed a test to detect COVID-19 infection.[17]
On 13 March 2020, Roche Diagnostics received FDA approval for a test which could be performed within 3.5 hours, thus allowing one machine to do approximately 4,128 tests in a 24-hour period.[18]
All trade secrets.
Patents and trade secrets.
Let me search patents which are not listed.
It would be surprising that they are not under trade secrets.
Approaches to testing
…
By March, shortages and insufficient amounts of reagent has become a bottleneck for mass testing in the EU and UK[55] and the US.[56][57] This has led some authors to explore sample preparation protocols that involve heating samples at 98 °C (208 °F) for 5 minutes to release RNA genomes for further testing.[58][59]
On 31 March it was announced United Arab Emirates was now testing more of its population for Coronavirus per head than any other country, and was on track to scale up the level of testing to reach the bulk of the population[60]. This was through a combination of drive-through capability, and purchasing a population-scale mass-throughput laboratory from Group 42 and BGI (based on their “Huo-Yan” emergency detection laboratories in China). Constructed in 14 days, the lab is capable of conducting tens of thousands RT-PCR tests per day and is the first in the world of this scale to be operational outside of China[61].
Confirmatory testing
WHO recommends that countries that do not have testing capacity and national laboratories with limited experience on COVID-19 send their first five positives and the first ten negative COVID-19 samples to one of the 16 WHO reference laboratories for confirmatory testing.[71] Out of the 16 reference laboratories, 7 are in Asia, 5 in Europe, 2 in Africa, 1 in North America and 1 in Australia.[72]
Mar 25, 2020 - Here are the coronavirus testing materials that are in short supply in the US … than 84,000 specimens from US patients have been tested for Covid - 19 . … There are no easy replacements here: “These reagents that are used in …
Edit at 09:08:
Searching Google for “polymerase”
returned:
A polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7. 7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or RNA by half ladder replication.
Continued from above:
sciencemediacentre Prof Lawrence Young, Professor of Molecular Oncology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, said:
What are these reagents?
“The reagents are required to: (i) extract RNA from the sample and (ii) run the test itself which requires primers and probes (synthetic oligonucleotides) and two enzymes (reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase).
Are they in short supply and if so why?
“So the test is complicated, requires many different synthetic components which probably accounts for the shortages given the unprecedented demand.
Is it the reverse transcriptase enzyme or other chemicals, or nothing?
“I think it will be a combination – RNA extraction kits, the primers and probes, the enzymes.
Why is the UK struggling with this where other countries (e.g. Germany) seem not to be?
“More joined up approach. Relationship with the biotech industry, more German virologists producing the diagnostic test in January, the central Robert Koch Institute which is able to nationally coordinate.
Is there anything about scientific research that would explain why this is such a challenge?
“No – just requires better national coordination. Highlights lack of investment in virology over many years.”
The Reverse Transcriptase, Taq Polymersase, nucleotides and buffers are the “general chemicals”. Several companies supply these as kits. The primers and probes are the components that make the assay specific for the virus. Again, there are several companies that make these to order. Strictly speaking these are not antigen tests (as they measure viral RNA) but this is a pedantic point. All of these things are ‘reagents’, but as to which are in short supply, it is not clear.
COVID-19: Methods of testing available to detect novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
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Fake COVID-19 tests seized by border patrol
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Edit at 09:26:
Compared to: Isomerases Isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed.
The general form of such a reaction is as follows:
A–B → B–A
Edit at 09:30:
Continued from above:
“which reagents are in short supply to test for covid-19 ?”
2nd after:
…
The healthcare facilities send those samples off to a lab—one run by a state or local public health organization, university, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Department of Defense, or a for-profit company.
Genetic extraction
When the sample gets to the lab, it’s just a bunch of human cells. Lab techs need to get the virus, and its genetic material, out of those cells. Some samples require more treatment than others: Lung liquid called sputum is so sticky when it comes in that it needs to be processed with extra ingredients.
Once the sample is in a workable form, technicians extract the virus’s genetic material—in this case, RNA—using a set of chemicals that usually come in pre-assembled kits.
These types of extraction kits are commonly used in molecular biology and clinical labs around the world, but the CDC-approved kits are only made by a few companies (pdf, p. 7-8).
https://www.fda.gov/media/134922/download
Same pdf as the woman listed above: Dr Colin Butter, Associate Professor and Programme Leader in Bioveterinary Science, University of Lincoln, said:
And some, like Qiagen and Roche, have seen their global supply chains interrupted due to the virus. “The big shortage is extraction kits,” says Eric Blank, chief program officer at the Association of Public Health Laboratories, an organization with 125 member labs, 92 of which are currently doing coronavirus testing.
There are no easy replacements here: “These reagents that are used in extraction are fairly complex chemicals. They have to be very pure, and they have to be in pure solution—we’re dealing with genetic material, so you can’t be introducing things that will interfere with the test itself,” Blank says.
Though these companies say they are now ramping up their production, there’s no telling when that might result in more resources for US-based labs. Plus, since the US Food and Drug Administration approved commercial diagnostic labs, like those run by LabCorp and Quest Diagnostics, on March 17, even more facilities are now competing for those same resources.
And so, it is due to competition.
Well, that is nothing new, the last cases is Google, which, they now want me to go apply to them, although with this, they should hire me from home.
Right, why don’t we run some nice cooler system on the moon for computer server?
It would be a lot cheaper than installing air conditioner in Antarctica…
As the Coronavirus Approaches, Mexico Looks the Other Way | The Dispatch
At 2:08, a very democratic virus, as it does not discriminate against the rich or the poor…
Why is he making false insinuation that Democracy cannot be discriminating against rich or the poor?
When they are doing even worst than that, and literally robbing poor people , to try to keep diplomatic relation with sick health minister like that?
That must be some kind of crazy.
Then comes and tries to make me look like if making no sense, on top of that, on top of stealing my intellectual property, to literally disrupt my intelligence to try to make some sense out of the attribution of nonsense they try to cause, and interfere against 4 million my sister earned, which is still attacked more than it would be worthwhile to invest due to war and psychological warfare ?
She works on the COVID-19 you thief.
The same guy who tries to make me get married with them, so I can change my name and bow to their Holy leader.
Thank God I still have my Holy name before I change.
It takes more discerning than not distinguish to be a good democracy, amongst other things.
Oh , sorry, misquoted:
He mentions, instead,
At 2:08,
This is a very democratic virus.
it does not distinguish between poor and rich…
It distinguishes against and between poor and rich, and kills those unable to adapt, by abusing their self-defense to cause them to damage themselves from fear of failure.
This is however a false flag misleading of the virus, which is the one responsible for it.
You have to be pretty poor in health to spend over 1 billion on it.
Thanks for allowing me to skip on the sick mindedness.
She suggests that people would go out of their ways to make cleaner unavailable to some, so as to increase the risk of death in others.
So as to increase their chance of survival, by allowing them to disinfect, while those without supplies to help them fight wouldn’t be able to take medical resources by being death, again, increasing their chance of survival.
Except, what if it was unfair to those who would die from lack of supplies?
It would show how unfair to deal with money though.
Do you notice how he says: “To remove the virus” instead of removing the risk of the virus.
He does it, which is good, however, if there is no virus, and he knows where the virus is, those resources he used to remove the risk are wasted on things without the virus, which had a risk of the virus, but, since not used on the virus, which is somewhere else, will require more resources.
If he cleans 2 or 3 things which does not have the virus, and needs the resources on 2 or 3 things where the virus is, that is double the resources.
Also, if there are enough resources to clean double of virus space, but there are 3 times of space the virus is, there will be 30% of the virus missing requiring to be cleaned up, which is still infected.
Bio-hazard.
Pair of Dimes , paradigm.
See definitions in:
All = | = Philosophy = | = Language noun
a typical example or pattern of something; a model.
“there is a new paradigm for public art in this country”
Similar: model, pattern, example, standard, prototype , archetype
LINGUISTICS
a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.
“English determiners form a paradigm: we can say “a book” or “his book” but not “a his book.””
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. The fluid keeps your lungs from filling with enough air, which means less oxygen …
Our internal body temperature is regulated by a part of our brain called the hypothalamus . The hypothalamus checks our current temperature and compares it with the normal temperature of about 37°C. If our temperature is too low, the hypothalamus makes sure that the body generates and maintains heat. ~ Jul 30, 2009
KEZI, virtual and VHF digital channel 9, is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Eugene, Oregon, United States. The station is owned by Allen Media Broadcasting, a subsidiary of Los Angeles-based Entertainment Studios. Wikipedia
How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Dentists are urging people to brush twice a day and floss once a day to take care of their teeth.
They say keeping your toothbrush clean is also important for good dental health.
…
That could change quickly if you develop a painful cavity and can’t get in to see a dentist.
…
“If you haven’t already, make the switch to an electric toothbrush — and brush your teeth for 2 minutes,” Faraj Edher, DDS, a prosthodontist
Rinsing with a non-alcohol-based mouthwash twice a day also can help reduce plaque buildup leading to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis).
“The oral microbiome is a key component of the immune system,” Mark Burhenne, DDS, founder of AsktheDentist.com, told Healthline. “Mouthwashes high in alcohol or toothpastes with bactericidal components in them, like triclosan or other antibacterial ingredients, can greatly disrupt the health of the oral microbiome.”
“During this time, it’s best not to use any mouthwash or toothpaste that is meant to kill oral bacteria,” Burhenne said. “Your best bet is to use a hydroxyapatite toothpaste, which is less bactericidal than fluoride but rebuilds tooth enamel equally as well.”
…
Keep your toothbrush clean
If you suspect that COVID-19 is present in your home, disinfect your toothbrush, advises Mike Golpa, DDS, the chief executive officer of the G4byGolpa dental implant centers.
“Take good care of your toothbrush,” he told Healthline. “It’s very sensitive for transmitting viruses.”
Fecal matter has been shown to contain coronavirus.
“Every time we flush the toilet, we generate an aerosol spray,” Kartik Antani, DDS, a dentist at Napa Family Dental in Albuquerque, New Mexico. “Most people leave their brushes and other toiletries merely inches away from commodes. Try to flush with the lid closed. Keep your floss pics, brushes, and tongue cleaners covered. Soaking them in a mixture of mouthwash and hydrogen peroxide also keeps them safe.”
Nearly three months after the outbreak is the word given to wear cloth face masks. How many lives could have been saved but were lost due too the need of top officials always needing to be the ones who dictate policy?
We don’t need the government to tell us how to survive any longer.
Yes, I just read that, about the US Masks, before my laptop shut down due to malfunction.
They passed laws for fines here, of $5,000, for public not distancing.
3 Biological weapons 3.1 Description of biological weapons:
…Classical biological warfare agents
include bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, protozoa,
and toxins from organic matter to damage or kill
humans, animals or plants. In particular, toxins have
been categorised as both biological and chemical
weapons, and therefore toxins are banned by both
the 1972 BW and the 1997 CW Convention
3.2 Possible protection measures against the effects of biological weapons
That is why you may see people wearing full head helmet to cover exposure, or exchange with those agents, given, if there is no antidote, or, it is part of the antidote.
Something like that would potentially work better.
All that is left to do is to verify by how much better if any.
That will clear the surface, however, the virus does incubate in human from 4 to 14 days, up to 24 days.
That is mentioned from the Ninja video from the last post, 2 or 3 posts above.
I was just finishing watching it , because , besides learning it almost by heart (who knows if they used a cue card, or other info) , they had the most up-to-date info by March 15, 2020, which is 2 weeks and a few days ago.
I’m currently revising data for the 20% fatality rate, which is the global rate.
The figure comes from the recuperated cases compared to the dead cases.
Those numbers are only in matter of percentage, as , the numbers very, but follow the same 20% percentages so far.
That may change.
I’m looking for the WHO twitter data which comes in event.
We need some Corona Virus simulation programs.
Preferably not games.
We can use it to test options and verify results, to compare.
There are some tests for $300, 2 of them I believe, referred in the Ninja video.
There are risks of infection for those handling the test and samples.
It’s a high-risk bio-hazard, whether a weapon or not, or both.
The total number of global cases has passed one million, including more than 54,000 fatalities. Over 218,000 patients are reported to have recovered. Get the latest updates from around the world:
54,000 + 218,000 = 272,000 (6,000 more than 266,000) .
272,000 divided by 54,000 = 5.03, 5 times more which is 20%.
19.85%.
So, 4% of death , is , compared to total cases, those cured or healed, and not cured or not healed yet.
Not only to those who are healed.
It’s 20% death compared to those who are healed.
So, of those that are not healed yet, there could be 20% more to die from those.
US officials recommend that Americans use basic cloth masks in public
Italy reports 766 new deaths
Prince Charles opens the UK’s first emergency hospital
Death toll in Iran exceeds 3,000
Notice that, 156,000 allied troops landed in Normandy,
and some 160,000 die per day of normal causes, today.
So, everyday is now today, a new D-Day landing, everyday, logistically.
And, of those who landed, none survives, everyday, 365 days per years, and, that number is growing, not diminishing.
Edit at 02:59:
I saw there were 700 deaths in the USA 3 days ago, on Tuesday, and I believe that number to be higher yesterday, on Thursday.
That would be 2,100 in 3 days, from Tuesday to Thursday.
2,800 with Friday.
Those numbers are not listed.
The death toll in the U.S. grew by more than 800 on Tuesday, surpassing 3,700. Confirmed cases worldwide is more than 800,000.
NYC sees largest 24-hour jump yet in coronavirus cases, deaths
By Friday night, the bruised Big Apple had its biggest spike in coronavirus cases and deaths in a single, 24-hour period since the outbreak hit New York last month.
A staggering 6,582 additional people tested positive for the deadly bug since Thursday evening, bringing the city’s total confirmed cases to 56,289. Another 305 New Yorkers died from the virus, pushing the death toll up to 1,867.
So, 305 deaths yesterday, instead of the over 800 deaths of Tuesday.
More than 1,100 more coronavirus patients were hospitalized in the past day. Currently 11,739 people
are in local hospitals. The city’s ICU capacity is at 88 percent with just 370 beds left unfilled.
It hard to believe they are not overloaded to over 110% capacity of beds and staff.
They’d have to hire staff from other hospitals and other states at this point, if not other countries, and the WHO, since it is also bad relative to countries with more deaths, due to amount of cases.
The military medical department is already working on site.
I read a report the medical military boat (Navy) with 1,000 beds had 20 patients.
Coronavirus live updates: New York City morgues almost full, alert sent for 45K health care workers
“New York is in crisis,” the governor said Friday.
USA just discovered the man who manufactured and sold the #coronavirus to #China. Dr #CharlesLieber, head of the chemistry and biology department at #HarvardUniversity, USA. He was just arrested today according to American department sources.
Bio-hazard.
US officials recommend that Americans use basic cloth masks in public
Italy reports 766 new deaths
Prince Charles opens the UK’s first emergency hospital
Death toll in Iran exceeds 3,000